Who was John Locke?

John Locke was a 17th century English philosopher known for his contributions to political theory and epistemology. His ideas laid the groundwork for modern democracy, particularly through his emphasis on natural rights, the social contract, and the concept of government as a protector of individual liberties. Locke argued that individuals are entitled to life, liberty, and property, and that a government's legitimacy comes from the consent of the governed. This thinking influenced both the Enlightenment and the founding documents of various democratic nations, including the United States.

The other choices do not accurately describe Locke's identity or contributions. He was not French, and although he significantly influenced the founding fathers, he was not one of them himself. Additionally, he was not a US Supreme Court justice; his philosophical ideas were foundational rather than judicial.