Which Supreme Court case declared that racially segregated facilities are inherently unequal?

The declaration that racially segregated facilities are inherently unequal originates from the landmark case Brown v. Board of Education. This 1954 ruling overturned the precedent set by Plessy v. Ferguson, which upheld the doctrine of "separate but equal." In Brown, the Supreme Court concluded that segregation in public schools created a sense of inferiority among African American children that undermined their educational opportunities, thus violating the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. By establishing that separation based on race is inherently detrimental and cannot be made equal, the Court played a critical role in the civil rights movement and set the groundwork for further legal challenges against segregation. This ruling is pivotal in American history as it directly challenged systemic racism and propelled a nationwide effort towards desegregation.