What type of government is described as an absolute monarchy?

An absolute monarchy is characterized by a governmental system in which a monarch holds supreme authority and exercises total control over the state. This type of government is defined by the lack of constitutional or legal limitations on the monarch's power, meaning that the ruler often governs without the need for approval from other branches of government or the populace. The monarch's decrees are typically considered law, and there is little to no formal mechanism for citizens to challenge the monarch's decisions.

In contrast, a system run by elected officials, a democratic government, and a structure with multiple competing parties all involve mechanisms of governance that include some level of public participation or institutional checks on power. These systems emphasize representation, accountability, and the role of the electorate in shaping government policy, which are fundamentally at odds with the principles of an absolute monarchy. Thus, option B accurately captures the essence of an absolute monarchy by highlighting the supreme power of the monarch.