What is Rousseau's perspective on human nature?

Rousseau's perspective on human nature emphasizes the belief that individuals in their natural state are inherently good and possess a sense of compassion and empathy. He theorizes that it is the influences of society and civilization that lead to the corruption of this innate goodness. This view suggests that while humans are born pure, the structure and complexities of societal life—such as competitive competition, property, and status—can distort their natural inclinations. Rousseau believes that returning to a simpler, more direct form of living can help people reconnect with their virtuous nature. This understanding of human nature promotes the idea that moral development is closely tied to societal structures, which can either uplift or degrade a person's inherent goodness.

In contrast, the other options reflect ideas that align with different philosophical views: one posits an inherently evil nature requiring control, another emphasizes self-interest as the primary motivator of human behavior, and yet another suggests that thriving is impossible without robust societal structures. Each of these positions departs significantly from Rousseau’s core belief in the intrinsic goodness of humans.